{"id":1970,"date":"2010-02-01T10:41:29","date_gmt":"2010-02-01T14:41:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.wrightslaw.com\/blog\/?p=1970"},"modified":"2010-02-01T10:41:29","modified_gmt":"2010-02-01T14:41:29","slug":"using-an-educational-model-a-way-to-deny-services","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wrightslaw.com\/blog\/using-an-educational-model-a-way-to-deny-services\/","title":{"rendered":"Using an &#8220;Educational Model&#8221; &#8211; a Way to Deny Services?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"padding-bottom:20px; padding-top:10px;\" class=\"hupso-share-buttons\"><!-- Hupso Share Buttons - https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/ --><a class=\"hupso_pop\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/gallery\/share-button-gray.png\" style=\"border:0px\" alt=\"Share\" \/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var hupso_services=new Array(\"Twitter\",\"Facebook\",\"Google Plus\",\"Pinterest\",\"Linkedin\",\"StumbleUpon\",\"Digg\",\"Reddit\",\"Bebo\",\"Delicious\");var hupso_icon_type = \"labels\";var hupso_background=\"#FFFFFF\";var hupso_border=\"#FFFFFF\";var hupso_image_folder_url = \"\";var hupso_twitter_via=\"wrightslaw\";var hupso_url=\"\";var hupso_title=\"Using%20an%20%22Educational%20Model%22%20-%20a%20Way%20to%20Deny%20Services%3F\";<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/js\/share.js\"><\/script><!-- Hupso Share Buttons --><\/div><p>What is the difference between a medical model and an educational model? I was asked a question recently that intrigued me, so I did a little research.<\/p>\n<p>When school personnel say they cannot provide services because they follow an educational model, what does that mean? <!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>Medical Model: <\/strong>I googled &#8220;medical model&#8221; and found this definition: &#8220;Medical model\u00a0 is the term cited by psychiatrist Ronald D. Laing in his <em>The Politics of the Family and Other Essays<\/em> (1971), for the &#8220;set of procedures in which all doctors are trained. This set includes complaint, history, physical examination, ancillary tests if needed, diagnosis,\u00a0 treatment, and prognosis with and without treatment. . . The medical\u00a0 model drives research and theorizing about physical or psychological\u00a0 difficulties on a basis of causation and remediation.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>I found other definitions that were similar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Educational Model: <\/strong>When I googled &#8220;educational model,&#8221; I found dozens of models, none similar, some rather odd: the Reflective Teaching Model; the\u00a0 &#8220;Customer Service&#8221; Model of Education; the &#8220;banking model of\u00a0 education&#8221; in which teachers &#8220;deposit&#8221; information and skills into\u00a0 students. &#8220;The Nazi Model for Outcome Based Education&#8221; argues that OBE (outcome-based education) robs students of the ability to think independently. Some models were blends &#8211; a core curriculum and values model.<\/p>\n<p>I didn&#8217;t find any educational model that described &#8220;a set of procedures in which all teachers\/educators\/practitioners are trained.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cases of Educational Malpractice<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Over the years, students have brought educational malpractice cases. In most cases (link below), courts ruled that there are no common procedures that teachers are expected to know and use. Because there are no common standards of practice, courts have ruled that cases about educational malpractice (v. cases against plumbers, lawyers, barbers) must fail. Occasionally, a plaintiff won in a trial court, but their victory was reversed on appeal.<\/p>\n<p>The question came from an SLP who is trained to use the medical model. As a psychologist, I was trained to use the medical model. Schools of education do not train aspiring teachers to use the medical model and are often hostile to suggestions that they do so.<\/p>\n<p>We get emails from physicians who don&#8217;t understand why a school won&#8217;t accept their (medical) diagnosis that a child has a disability and needs special education, but insists that the child must have an &#8220;educational diagnosis.&#8221; Educators are not qualified to make diagnoses.<\/p>\n<p>My questioner hit the nail on the head when she wrote, &#8220;it [an educational model] seems to be used to decrease\/eliminate services and\/or change service providers from an SLP to a teacher who is part of a primary service delivery team.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>I think the insistence on an &#8220;educational diagnosis&#8221; from individuals who are not trained to diagnose has the same effect as the &#8220;education model&#8221; &#8211; a way to deny a service.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Larger Question &#8211; Common Standards<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>But I&#8217;m pondering the larger question: If there are no common standards of practice that all teachers are expected to know and adhere to, is teaching a true profession?<\/p>\n<p>If teachers don&#8217;t know how to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>define a problem<\/li>\n<li>obtain a history<\/li>\n<li>use objective tests to get baseline data<\/li>\n<li>use this information to develop a preliminary diagnosis<\/li>\n<li>implement an intervention (treatment)<\/li>\n<li>test to see if the intervention (treatment) is having the desired outcome<\/li>\n<li>adjust the intervention to increase effectiveness or select a different, more effective intervention<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>. . . how can we improve the education our children receive?<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.rbs2.com\/edumal.htm\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">&#8220;Educational Malpractice in the USA&#8221; <\/span><\/a>by Ron Standler considers the reasons behind the failure of educational malpractice cases and offers ideas about how to turn things around: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rbs2.com\/edumal.htm\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">http:\/\/www.rbs2.com\/edumal.htm<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">You also may be interested in this article by Douglas Carnine, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wrightslaw.com\/info\/teach.profession.carnine.pdf\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Why Education Experts Resist Effective Practices (and What Would it Take to Make Education More Like Medicine).<\/span><\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Thanks for asking a question that made me ask questions!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is the difference between a medical model and an educational model? I was asked a question recently that intrigued me, so I did a little research. When school personnel <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wrightslaw.com\/blog\/using-an-educational-model-a-way-to-deny-services\/\">Continue Reading \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,57,6,241,136,161,1367],"tags":[475,477,473,474,249,476],"class_list":["post-1970","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-advocacy","category-fape","category-legal-decisions","category-school-improvement","category-strategies","category-teachers","category-assessments-tests","tag-educational-diagnosis","tag-educational-malpractice","tag-educational-model","tag-medical-model","tag-slp","tag-teaching-profession"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wrightslaw.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1970","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wrightslaw.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wrightslaw.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wrightslaw.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wrightslaw.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1970"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/www.wrightslaw.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1970\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2310,"href":"https:\/\/www.wrightslaw.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1970\/revisions\/2310"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wrightslaw.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1970"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wrightslaw.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1970"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wrightslaw.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1970"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}